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Si funksionoi “Colossus”? Publikohen foto të reja të superkompjuterit që spiunoi dhe mundi nazistët – Sy Shqip
Mbretëria e Bashkuar ka publikuar imazhe të panjohura më parë të Colussus, kompjuterit gjigant dhe revolucionar të shpikur nga britanikët për të deshifruar mesazhet sekrete të armiqve gjermanë.
Në vitin 1944, kompjuteri i parë në histori u prodhua në Bletchley Park, selia e famshme e njësisë britanike të kriptanalizës që ndodhet vetëm 75 km larg Londrës. Ai u emërua “Colossus” dhe luajti një rol themelor në deshifrimin e mesazheve sekrete të forcave nazifashiste, duke kontribuar në fitoren e aleatëve në Luftën e Dytë Botërore. Për të festuar përvjetorin e tetëdhjetë, Shtabi i Komunikimit të Qeverisë, agjencia e inteligjencës e Mbretërisë së Bashkuar, ka vendosur të publikojë për herë të parë disa imazhe të papublikuara më parë të pajisjes revolucionare.
Operacional që nga janari 1944, Colossus hyri në shërbim pikërisht në kohë për të ndihmuar forcat anglo-amerikane përpara zbarkimit të Normandisë, e cila u zhvillua më 6 qershor të atij viti, duke zbuluar gjithashtu sukseset e fushatës së dezinformimit të kryer nga aleatët kundër nazi-fashistëve. Pas “D-Day” vëllimi i mesazheve të përgjuara u rrit jashtëzakonisht, duke i lejuar trupat të njihnin paraprakisht lëvizjet e armikut dhe të fitonin të ashtuquajturën “luftë informacioni”.
Shpërndarja e këtyre fotografive hedh dritë të re mbi gjenezën dhe funksionimin e Colussus. I përbërë nga 2500 valvola, kjo makinë u programua për të kryer llogaritjet shumë shpejt, duke arritur kështu të gjejë kombinimet e duhura për të lexuar mesazhet e koduara të armikut, të cilat printoheshin duke përdorur një makinë shkrimi elektrike. Megjithëse parashikonte kalkulatorë elektronikë modernë në shumë aspekte, forma e tij e jashtme ishte krejtësisht e ndryshme nga ajo e kompjuterëve personalë të sotëm. E ngjashme me një gardërobë të madhe plot me kabllo dhe sensorë, peshonte pesë tonë dhe kishte dimensione gjigante (2,13 metra lartësi për 5,18 metra gjerësi dhe 3.35 metra thellësi), duke konsumuar 8 kW energji.
Që nga konceptimi i tij nga inxhinieri anglez Tommy Floëers në 1943, Colossus u mbulua me fshehtësinë më absolute, e cila zgjati për dekada. Menjëherë pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore, krijuesi i saj, ndër të tjera, u urdhërua që të gjithë dokumentacionin në lidhje me makinën t’ua dorëzonte shërbimeve sekrete dhe me urdhër të autoriteteve britanike, në vitet e Luftës së Ftohtë pothuajse i gjithë dokumentacioni i tij me komponentët origjinalë u shkatërruan, së bashku me vizatimet e projektit. Pas gati gjashtëdhjetë vitesh heshtje, bota më në fund u informua për ekzistencën e Colussus vetëm në vitet 2000, ndërsa rindërtimi i një kopjeje në shkallë të plotë të pajisjes përfundoi në vitin 2008 dhe shfaqet ende sot në Muzeun Kombëtar të Informatikës në Bletchley Park./A2
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