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A është gjetur atmosfera e humbur marsiane? – Sy Shqip
Tani është e njuohur shkencërisht se duhte të ketë pasur ujë të lëngshëm në Mars, shumë miliona vjet më parë. Megjithatë, lumenjtë, liqenet dhe oqeanet në Planetin e Kuq kishin nevojë gjithashtu për një atmosferë të trashë mbi to, për të shmangur ngrirjen në të ftohtin e hapësirës boshe. Sot, megjithatë, dendësia e atmosferës së Marsit është vetëm rreth një për qind e asaj në Tokë. Shumë pak për të mbajtur ujë të lëngshëm në sipërfaqe.
Dy gjeologë nga Instituti i Teknologjisë në Masaçusets (MIT) mund të kenë zbuluar tani se ku është zhdukur një pjesë e madhe e atmosferës së lashtë rreth 3.5 miliardë vjet më parë. Në studimin e tyre të ri në revistën Science Advances, ata tregojnë se si mineralet e argjilës në koren marsiane ishin në gjendje të lidhnin dioksidin e karbonit nga atmosfera e lashtë marsiane, përmes proceseve kimike.
Nga Toka në Mars
Dy gjeologët Joshua Murray dhe Oliver Jagoutz nuk mendojnë për Marsin në punën e tyre të zakonshme kërkimore. Ata në fakt eksplorojnë koren e tokës. Vitin e kaluar, ata studiuan një formë balte, grimcat e vogla të së cilës në palosjet e saj mund të ruajnë karbonin nga atmosfera për miliona vjet. Menjëherë pasi ata publikuan këto rezultate, Jogoutz mblodhi në një hartë të Marsit që e bëri atë të kuptonte se i gjithë planeti është i mbuluar me këtë lloj balte.
“Ne e dimë se ky proces ndodh dhe është i dokumentuar mirë në Tokë. Këta shkëmbinj dhe argjila ekzistojnë edhe në Mars,” thotë Jagoutz. “Kështu që ne donim të përpiqeshim të lidhnim pikat.” Kjo vendosi lidhjen midis Tokës dhe Planetit të Kuq.
Planeti i ndryshkur
Ngjashëm me proceset gjeologjike në Tokë, dy studiuesit dyshojnë se uji në Mars fillimisht depërtoi në shtresat e sipërme të shkëmbinjve, duke shkaktuar një zinxhir reaksionesh kimike që çuan në lidhjen e dioksidit të karbonit nga atmosfera.
Gjatë një miliard vjetësh, uji reagoi ngadalë me minerale të pasura me hekur. Uji u nda në hidrogjen dhe oksigjen. Oksigjeni reagoi me hekurin dhe formoi ndryshk, i cili i jep planetit ngjyrën e tij karakteristike.
Hidrogjeni i lirë, nga ana tjetër, reagoi me dioksidin e karbonit në atmosferë për të formuar metanin, i cili përbëhet nga një atom karboni dhe katër atome hidrogjeni. “Ne mendojmë se në këtë pikë të historisë së Marsit ka CO2 kudo – në çdo cep. Dhe uji që depërton nëpër shkëmb është gjithashtu plot me CO2 , ” thotë Murray. Këto procese krijuan edhe argjilën, që është e pranishme kudo në sipërfaqen e Marsit.
Megjithatë, metani zakonisht i gaztë nuk u largua përsëri në atmosferë. Murray shpjegon: “Pra, ne morëm njohuritë ekzistuese se si këto minerale ruhen në argjilë në Tokë dhe shtruam pyetjen: Nëse sipërfaqja e Marsit përmban kaq shumë argjilë, sa metan mund të ruani në të?”
Ndikimi në jetën e mundshme
Studimet e kratereve me ndikim të thellë në Mars, treguan se shtresa e argjilës në sipërfaqen e tij është mbi një kilometër e trashë. Këto masa të mëdha mineralesh ishin të mjaftueshme për të ruajtur 80 për qind të dioksidit të karbonit në atmosferën origjinale marsiane. Murray shton: “Në një farë mënyre, mungesa e atmosferës fshihet pikërisht nën hundët tona”.
Ky zbulim mund të ndihmojë gjithashtu në kërkimin e historisë së jetës së kaluar të mundshme në Mars. Ndryshimi i përqendrimit të dioksidit të karbonit dhe zhdukja e mëvonshme e atmosferës, së bashku me tharjen e planetit, mund të kenë luajtur një rol të rëndësishëm në zhvillimin e banorëve të mundshëm marsianë.
“Bazuar në gjetjet tona në Tokë, ne tregojmë se procese të ngjashme ndoshta kanë ndodhur në Mars dhe se sasi të mëdha të CO 2 atmosferike mund të ishin shndërruar në metan, i cili ishte ruajtur në argjilë,” përmbledh Oliver Jagoutz. “Ky metan mund të jetë ende i pranishëm dhe ndoshta, edhe të përdoret si një burim energjie në Mars në të ardhmen.”/ Der Standard ./SYRI.net
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